Botulism
Reviewed: December 2025
Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by a toxin (poison that is released by bacteria) that attacks the body’s nerves. The toxin is made by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum) and related bacteria. There are five main types of botulism: foodborne, wound, infant, adult intestinal colonization, and iatrogenic botulism. All types of botulism are considered medical emergencies because the illness can cause death unless proper medical treatment is received.
